Using Geo-Accumulation Index and Enrichment Factor to Assess Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metals in Roadside Soils and Vegetables Along Nnamdi Azikiwe Expressway, Kaduna
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63561/jacsr.v2i4.1019Keywords:
Heavy Metals, Geo-Accumulation Index, Enrichment Factor, Vegetables, Soil, PollutionAbstract
Heavy Metals (HMs) pollution is currently of major environmental concern. An investigative study was carried out along Nnamdi Azikiwe Expressway to determine the spatial distribution of heavy metal in roadside soils and vegetables samples with nine selected areas. The samples were digested and analyzed for toxic metals: Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, and Ni using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) technique. The assessment of the heavy metals was derived using the geo-accumulation index and enrichment factor. This study revealed that the soil and vegetable contain metals hi which is predominantly Ni < Cu < Zn< Pb < Cd. The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) to explain the factors interaction between the soil and vegetable obtained from the sample sites, geo accumulation and enrichment factor revealed that the enrichment factor was greater than 1. With the exception of one location that exhibits heavy pollution with PLI >1, the area was not significantly polluted. Nonetheless, the assessment's findings show that there was an increased concentration of Zn and Pb across the nine locations, which was consistent with findings from other researchers. As a result, the toxicants were below the NESREA-established permissible limit .It shows that the area is not heavily impacted due to human activity and is safe.
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