Groundwater Quality Assessment of Hand-Dug Wells Using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, Titrimetry, and Spectrophotometric Analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63561/jber.v3i1.1192Keywords:
Groundwater, AAS, Titrimetry, spectrophotometric, Lead and InvestigationAbstract
The study seeks to investigate the quality of groundwater from Hand-Dug wells around Kipi-Nari Kaukau, Rido, and Ungwan-Barde villages in Chikun local government Area of Kaduna State Using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), Titrimetry and Spectrophotometric, analyses, a total of seven (7) water samples from seven different Hand Dug wells collected and19 Parameters were analyzed which includes; PH level, colour, odour, conductivity, Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), turbidity, Chloride, Hardness, Sodium, Nitrate, Calcium, Chromium, Lithium, Cadmium, Beryllium, phosphate, temperature, lead and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon. Comparing the water Analyses result with WHO, NSDQW(Nigerian standard for drinking water quality) and NAFDAC recommended standard values for drinking water, it was revealed that the water is generally colourless, odourless, slightly acidic due to low PH level, hardness, conductivity calcium, sodium, nitrate, cadmium, lithium, beryllium, turbidity, chloride, total dissolved solid, chromium and total petroleum hydrocarbon concentration is within the recommended standard limit at room temperature. But Phosphate and Lead has high concentration of 30mg/l and 2.00mg/l respectively at against recommended standard of 0.03mg/l and 0.1mg/l, excessive consumption could be poisonous also low PH level of between 5 to 6.2 at against recommended standard of 7.5 to 8.5, the water may not be safe for drinking. Borehole siting in the study area is recommended with further Geo-chemical analysis of the water to ascertain causes of the lead poisoning, high level of phosphate and low level of PH in the drinking water.
References
Abdullahi, N. K., & Iheakanwa, A. (2013). Groundwater detection in basement complex of Northern Nigeria using 2D electrical resistivity and offset Wenner technique. International Journal of Science and Technology, 2(7), 529–531.
Aboh, H. O. (2009). Assessment of the aquifers in some selected villages in Chikun Local Government Area, Kaduna State. Science World Journal, 4(2), 37–41.
Bashir, I. Y., Izham, M. Y., & Main, R. (2014). Vertical electrical sounding investigation of aquifer composition and its potential to yield groundwater in some selected Towns in Bida basin of North central Nigeria. Journal of Geography and Geology, 6(1), 60-69.
Campagnolo, E. R., Johnson, K. R., Karpati, A., Rubin, C. S., Kolpin, D. W., Meyer, M. T., … McGeehin, M. (2002). Antimicrobial residues in animal waste and water resources proximal to large-scale swine and poultry feeding operations. Science of the Total Environment, 299(1–3), 89–95.
Ibuot, J. C., George, N. J., Okwesili, A. N., & Obiora, D. N. (2019). Investigation of litho-textural characteristics of aquifer in Nkanu West Local Government Area of Enugu State, southeastern Nigeria. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 153, 197–207.
Obiora, D. N., Ajala, A. E., & Ibuot, J. C. (2015). Evaluation of aquifer protective capacity of overburden unit and soil corrosivity in Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria, using electrical resistivity method. Journal of Earth System Science, 124(1), 125–135.
Ozoemenam, J. C., Akudinobi, B. E. B., Nnodu, V. C., & Obiadi, I. I. (2018). Water quality assessment of shallow and deep boreholes in Ekpan community, Effurun, Delta State, Nigeria. Environmental Earth Sciences, 77(5), 170.
Sanjay, P. (2010). Deep wells and prudence: Towards pragmatic action for addressing groundwater overexploitation in India (pp. 1–19). World Bank.
Sharma, B., & Tyagi, S. (2013). Simplification of metal ion analysis in fresh water samples by atomic absorption spectroscopy for laboratory students. Journal of Laboratory Chemical Education, 1(3), 54–58. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.jlce.20130103.04
Tahir, A. G., Garba, M. L., & Hamidu, I. (2015). Hydrogeology and groundwater quality of deep and shallow boreholes in Kano metropolis, northwestern Nigeria.
Telford, W. M., Geldart, L. P., & Sheriff, R. E. (1990). Applied geophysics. Cambridge University Press.
Tyson, J. (1988). Atomic spectrometry and flow injection analysis: A synergic combination. Analytica Chimica Acta.
Udo, P. O. (1982). Physical geography of Nigeria (pp. 3–8). Heinemann Educational Publishers.
World Health Organization. (2006). Guidelines for drinking-water quality (1st addendum to 3rd ed., Vol. 1).
