Seasonal Variation of Physicochemical Parameters in Surface Water from an Oil-Producing Region of Nigeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63561/jber.v3i1.1187Keywords:
Niger Delta, Pollution, Season, Physico-Chemical Parameters, Surface WaterAbstract
Water bodies support ecological activities such water generation, supply, pleasure, and beauty. This research focusses on the Niger Delta's petroleum-operating areas' physicochemical properties. Samples were taken everywhere. Umuechem, Ebocha, Ofuoma, and Ndashi in Etche, Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni, and Ughelli North LGAs of Rivers State were surveyed. The physico-chemical parameters were measured using standard methods. We calibrated the Extech EC500 meter using pH buffers of 4.0, 7.0, and 10.0 and an electrical conductivity reference solution of 1413 (μS/cm) before measuring water parameters in-situ. Measurements include temperature, conductivity, salinity, and TDS. A LaMottl 3000wi Tri-meter calibrated with 0.1.0 and 10.0 NTU standards assessed turbidity. Measurement uses a nanotransistor. The Winkler test measured oxygen. Water was added to the top of a sample container to eliminate bias. Several compounds fixed the sample's dissolved oxygen. A neutralising agent changes the colour of these compounds' acid molecules. The "endpoint," or colour change, is directly linked to dissolved oxygen in the sample. After measuring water samples using DO bottles, we incubated a 70 ml potion at 20 °C for five days. After incubation, the samples were processed as DO samples to measure dissolved oxygen. To ensure oxygen, BOD samples were diluted before incubation. We next determined the dissolved oxygen content of the diluted water. On the fifth day, the biological oxygen demand (BOD) and dissolved oxygen levels (DO) were used to define dissolved oxygen (DO), which was (A-B) times DF. Here, we can see the sample's dilution factors (DF) relative to the dilution water (A), as well as the initial and five-day incubation DOs (A and B, respectively). During the dry season, different variables are measured, including biological oxygen demand (0.88-2.05 mg/l), turbidity (3.6-27.1 NTU), pH (6.58-6.86), temperature (29.53-29.88 oC), electrical conductivity (24-79.80 μS/cm), total dissolved solids (18.27-56.0 mg/l), dissolved oxygen (5.75-6.58 mg/l), and salinity (0.01-0.04%). Both Otamiri-Oche Umuechem and Ufuoma exceeded the NPRA's 10-nanometer limit during the wet season (77.30 NTU) and the dry season (27.1% NTU) (1991). The biological oxygen demand during the rainy season exceeded the NPRA's requirement of 5 mg/L in all but one location.
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